Exploration of the Hyaena Den in Wookey Hole Ravine, Somerset began in the 1850s and has continued until recently. Dawkins (1862, 1863a,b) used material from Hyaena Den to conclusively show that stone tools were associated with a Pleistocene fauna, thus demonstrating the antiquity of the lithics. A cave-earth in the entrance chamber has produced a hyaena-dominated fauna belonging to the Pin Hole MAZ and associated Middle Palaeolithic, and some Upper Palaeolithic, artefacts. Recent excavations have found an older fauna in underlying sands and gravels that belongs to the Banwell Bone Cave MAZ with no evidence of human activity.